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Dietary-induced rapid decrease of microvillar carbohydrase activity in rat jejunoileum.

T Goda, K Yamada, S Bustamante

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Switching to a high-fat diet rapidly decreases carbohydrase activity in rat intestines within 24 hours. Enzyme activity in both mature and immature enterocytes adapts to reduced dietary carbohydrate intake.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Nutritional Biochemistry
    • Molecular Gastronomy

    Background:

    • Dietary composition significantly influences digestive enzyme activity.
    • The jejunoileum plays a crucial role in nutrient digestion and absorption.
    • Adaptability of intestinal enzymes to dietary changes is key for metabolic homeostasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of a sudden decrease in dietary starch on carbohydrase and peptidase activity in the rat jejunoileum.
    • To determine the time course and regional distribution of these enzymatic changes.
    • To assess the responsiveness of both mature and immature enterocytes to dietary carbohydrate reduction.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were fed a high-starch diet, then switched to an isocaloric high-fat diet for 1-3 days.

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  • Activities of carbohydrases (lactase, sucrase, maltase, glucoamylase) and peptidases were measured.
  • Enzyme activity was analyzed in whole intestinal homogenates and jejunal villus-crypt columns using cryostat sections.

    • Main Results:

    • A rapid decrease (40-80%) in carbohydrase activity was observed within 24 hours of switching to the low-starch, high-fat diet.
    • This decrease occurred across all regions of the jejunal villus-crypt columns, particularly in proximal and middle segments.
    • Peptidase activity showed minimal changes, with only a slight temporary decrease in the proximal segment.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary carbohydrate reduction rapidly downregulates microvillar carbohydrase activity.
    • Both mature and immature enterocytes demonstrate adaptive responses to decreased dietary carbohydrate content.
    • Intestinal enzyme systems exhibit significant plasticity in response to macronutrient composition shifts.