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Related Experiment Videos

Endocrine changes in the incubating and brooding turkey hen.

B C Wentworth, J A Proudman, H Opel

    Biology of Reproduction
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Turkey hen prolactin (Prl) levels peak during incubation and drop sharply after hatching, suggesting nesting alone doesn't maintain high Prl. Growth hormone (GH) increases post-hatching, indicating a shift in maternal physiology.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Avian Physiology
    • Maternal Behavior

    Background:

    • Reproductive hormones like prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) play crucial roles in avian maternal behaviors, including incubation and chick-rearing.
    • Understanding the dynamic changes in these hormones during different reproductive stages is essential for comprehending avian reproductive physiology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the temporal changes in plasma prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) levels in turkey hens during incubation, hatching, and brooding.
    • To determine the relationship between hormonal profiles and specific maternal behaviors in turkeys.

    Main Methods:

    • Blood samples were collected from turkey hens at various stages: pre-incubation, during incubation, just before hatching, post-hatching, and during brooding.

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  • Plasma concentrations of Prl and GH were quantified using established immunoassays.
  • Plasma thyroxine and glucose levels were also measured to assess metabolic status.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasma Prl levels significantly increased before and during incubation, peaking just before hatching, and then rapidly declined post-hatching.
    • Plasma GH levels remained unchanged during incubation but showed a significant, transient surge immediately after hens left the nest to brood young.
    • Plasma glucose was depressed during incubation, while thyroxine levels remained stable throughout the study.

    Conclusions:

    • High plasma Prl during incubation is not solely maintained by nesting behavior; the decline may be linked to hatching events and the transition to maternal care.
    • The dramatic increase in plasma GH post-hatching suggests its involvement in the physiological shift towards active brooding and maternal care in turkey hens.
    • These hormonal dynamics highlight distinct physiological adaptations for incubation versus active chick-rearing in turkeys.