The pre-participation examination of the young athlete. Defining the essentials

Examination of published reports and expert recommendations about appropriate pre-participation examinations of young athletes reveals widespread disagreement about objectives, format, and content. This review and commentary examines current evidence and proposes a more modest routine athletic physical. Even without requiring evidence of careful science and methodologic rigor, few of the traditional parts of the physical for the athlete are found to have evidence of utility. Some newly suggested orthopedic maneuvers may ultimately prove useful. Definitive recommendations await evaluation, using appropriate and careful methodology.