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Multi-disciplinary perspectives on post-partum depression: an anthropological critique
Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|January 1, 1983
Summary
Post-partum depression may be a culture-bound syndrome. Lack of social support and structured post-partum periods in the U.S. may contribute to its high incidence.
Area of Science:
- Anthropology
- Sociology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Post-partum depression (PPD) is a significant negative outcome following childbirth.
- Current research often isolates biological or psycho-social factors, leaving the nature of PPD unclear.
- Existing etiological theories lead to a bias towards pharmacological interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore an anthropological perspective on post-partum depression.
- To investigate the role of cultural patterning and social organization in PPD.
- To challenge the purely biological or psycho-social models of PPD.
Main Methods:
- Review of anthropological literature on childbirth.
- Examination of cross-cultural data on post-partum social structures.
- Analysis of common elements in social structuring of the post-partum period.
Main Results:
- Anthropological literature shows limited evidence for PPD cross-culturally.
- Common post-partum social elements include distinct periods, protective measures, seclusion, rest, assistance, and status recognition.
- A hypothesis linking post-partum social organization to PPD incidence is proposed.
Conclusions:
- U.S. PPD may be a culture-bound syndrome.
- Lack of social structuring, role transition recognition, and instrumental support may increase PPD risk.
- An integrated anthropological and biological approach may better address PPD.