Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery
07:45

Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery

Published on: March 4, 2021

Target organ toxicity II

R Heywood

    Toxicology Letters
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed

    Insights

    Simple toxicity criteria like growth and organ weight are useful but show poor correlation across species. Laboratory tests support clinical findings, aiding toxicity assessments.

    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Comparative Pathology

    Background:

    • Assessing chemical toxicity relies on various indicators.
    • Understanding interspecies differences in toxic responses is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of simple toxicity criteria.
    • To examine the correlation of target organ toxicity across different species.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of growth parameters.
    • Organ weight assessments.
    • Histopathological examinations.
    • Supportive laboratory tests.

    Main Results:

    • Simple toxicity indicators like growth and organ weight are sensitive measures.
    • Histopathological examinations provide further diagnostic support.
    • A poor correlation of target organ toxicity was observed across species.

    Conclusions:

    • Simple toxicity criteria are valuable but require careful interpretation.
    • Interspecies variability in toxicity response limits direct correlation.
    • Further research is needed to improve predictive models for cross-species toxicity.

    More Related Videos

    Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids08:52

    Profiling Sensitivity to Targeted Therapies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patient-Derived Organoids

    Published on: November 22, 2021

    Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro11:06

    Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

    Published on: January 31, 2022

    Related Concept Videos

    Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

    Toxic Reactions: Overview

    When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
    Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
    Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
    In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
    Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

    Drug Toxicity: Overview

    Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
    Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

    Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

    Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
    Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

    Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

    Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
    Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

    Toxicokinetics: Overview

    Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
    Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

    Toxicity Testing in Animals

    Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...