Electrovibration, cutaneous sensation of microampere current

The human threshold of sensation of 50 Hz current has hitherto been considered to be around 1 mA. A new sensing mechanism is reported which lowers the threshold about 3 decades. It is elicited when the skin slides on the current carrying conductor, and the sensation disappears when the skin is wet. The sensation is a feeling of vibration or increased surface roughness. The sensing mechanism has been shown to be due to electrostatic forces in the skin caused by the electric field in a poorly conducting stratum corneum. The mechanism is primarily potential dependent, and the absolute threshold of sensation has been found to be about 1.5 volt or 0.15 mu A rms at 50 Hz. In practical daily-life situations it is shown that 82% of 40 test subjects were able to sense a current of 2 mu A rms, 50 Hz.