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Ozone and high ventilation effects on pulmonary function and endurance performance.

W C Adams, E S Schelegle

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ozone (O3) exposure impairs lung function and causes respiratory discomfort in endurance athletes. Even low O3 concentrations significantly affect athletes during exercise, potentially limiting performance due to breathing difficulties.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Sports Medicine
    • Pulmonary Physiology

    Background:

    • Ozone (O3) is a respiratory irritant, and its effects may be exacerbated by exercise.
    • Exercise increases ventilation, potentially increasing inhaled pollutant dose.
    • Endurance athletes' high ventilation rates during training and competition may increase susceptibility to O3 toxicity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of controlled ozone exposure on pulmonary function and exercise performance in well-trained endurance athletes.
    • To determine if exercise mode (training vs. competition simulation) influences ozone's impact.
    • To assess the relationship between ozone concentration, ventilation, and subjective respiratory symptoms.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten healthy, well-trained long-distance runners were exposed to 0, 0.20, and 0.35 parts per million (ppm) ozone for 1 hour.

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  • Exercise simulations mimicked training and competition conditions with a mean expired minute ventilation (VE) of 77.5 L/min.
  • Pulmonary function tests, subjective symptom questionnaires, and exercise ventilatory responses were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant decreases in forced vital capacity and 1-second expiratory volume were observed at 0.20 ppm ozone.
    • Subjective respiratory symptoms increased with ozone concentration.
    • No significant effects of ozone on oxygen uptake, heart rate, or alveolar ventilation were found, but altered ventilatory patterns occurred.
    • Three athletes could not complete exercise at 0.35 ppm ozone, indicating performance decrements.

    Conclusions:

    • Endurance athletes exhibit significant pulmonary function impairment at 0.20 ppm ozone, suggesting heightened susceptibility.
    • Performance decrements are likely due to exercise-induced respiratory discomfort, not impaired gas exchange.
    • Sustained high ventilation during endurance exercise potentiates ozone toxicity and may limit athletic performance.