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Identification of viable and nonviable cells in scanning electron microscopy

S A Thorén, B Holma

    Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
    |July 1, 1983
    PubMed

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    To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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