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Measles in the 1980s.

P J Christopher, P A MacDonald, A M Murphy

    The Medical Journal of Australia
    |November 12, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Measles outbreaks occurred despite widespread vaccination, with a significant percentage of cases in immunized children. Vaccine failure is partly due to antibodies from mothers interfering with the live measles vaccine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Measles outbreaks persist in some regions despite long-standing measles immunization programs.
    • In 1981, New South Wales experienced significant measles cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, prompting an investigation into vaccine effectiveness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the phenomenon of "vaccine failure" in measles cases despite immunization.
    • To identify factors contributing to measles cases in previously vaccinated individuals.

    Main Methods:

    • A survey was conducted to determine the immunization status of children diagnosed with measles.
    • Analysis of vaccine batches and immunity duration was performed.

    Main Results:

    • 22.5% of measles cases seen by general practitioners and 10.3% of hospitalized cases were in previously immunized children.
    • No evidence of waning immunity or specific faulty vaccine batches was found.
    • Failure of seroconversion, potentially due to transplacentally acquired antibodies interfering with the live measles vaccine in infants, was identified as a contributing factor.

    Conclusions:

    • Vaccine failure in measles immunization programs is a complex issue, partly explained by immunological interference in infants.
    • As vaccination coverage increases, a higher proportion of measles cases will occur in vaccinated individuals.
    • Measures to improve measles immunization compliance are supported to reduce overall disease burden.

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