Studies on the porphyrinogenic action of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in birds

The porphyrinogenic action of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) was examined in 17-day-old embryos, day-old chicks, 18-day-old chickens and adult Japanese quail. The quail was found to be the most sensitive species towards TCB induced porphyria whereas the chick embryo was totally non-responsive. The liver porphyrins of Japanese quail were increased in a dose-dependent manner 1 day after TCB. Elevation in porphyrin levels in quail was associated with comparable increases in delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA-S) activity 1 day after TCB treatment. In contrast, ferrochelatase activity was found to be unchanged 1 day after TCB. Multiple administration of TCB produced only a slight increase in liver porphyrin levels and ALA-S activity in quail. However, there was a marked induction in ferrochelatase activity suggesting increased porphyrin turnover. Liver glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity were also significantly increased following repeated administration of TCB in quail, which could indicate an enhancement of detoxication of reactive metabolites of TCB. Thus, it is suggested that the inability of low multiple doses of TCB to cause porphyria in Japanese quail may be related to the low responsiveness of ALA-S but high inducibility of ferrochelatase liver GSH and glutathione S-transferase.