[Lipid and apoprotein profile without and with oil load]

Area of Science:

• Clinical lipidology
• Cardiovascular disease research
• Nutritional science

Background:

• Understanding lipid metabolism is crucial for assessing cardiovascular risk.
• Hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) type IV is associated with elevated triglyceride levels.
• The role of HDL cholesterol in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze lipid profiles, including triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol, under normal nutrition and after a sunflower oil load.
• To investigate sex-based differences in triglyceride response to a fat load.
• To explore the relationship between triglyceride variability and HDL-cholesterol levels.

Main Methods:

• Lipid profiles (triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoproteins A and B) were measured in 20 normolipaemic individuals and 1 HLP type IV patient.
• Measurements were taken without and after a 100g sunflower oil load, with blood sampling every two hours from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
• Participants were categorized into four groups (A-D) based on triglyceride deviation, correlating with HDL-cholesterol levels.

Main Results:

• Triglycerides exhibited significant deviations under both normal nutrition and oil load conditions, unlike other measured parameters.
• Males showed greater triglyceride profile variations compared to females.
• Individuals with high HDL cholesterol (Group A) displayed minimal triglyceride fluctuations, whereas those with low HDL cholesterol (Group D) showed pronounced triglyceride peaks post-oil load.

Conclusions:

• Triglyceride response to dietary fat is variable and influenced by sex and HDL-cholesterol levels.
• Low HDL cholesterol may be associated with increased postprandial triglyceride excursion, a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis.
• Dietary and pharmacological interventions can improve lipid profiles in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia.