Related Experiment Videos
Blood preservation XXVI, CPD-adenine packed cells: benefits of increasing the glucose
Insights
Higher glucose concentrations in blood storage solutions improve ATP levels in hard-packed red blood cells. Optimal glucose levels of 175-200% are recommended for extended storage, especially beyond 35 days.
Area of Science:
- Blood banking and transfusion medicine
- Biochemistry of red blood cells
- Cellular metabolism
Background:
- Red blood cell (RBC) storage requires optimal preservation solutions to maintain viability.
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a critical indicator of RBC viability during storage.
- Glucose is a key substrate for RBC metabolism and ATP production.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the optimal glucose concentration in CPD-adenine solution for preserving ATP levels in stored whole blood units.
- To evaluate the effect of different glucose concentrations on ATP, 2,3-DPG, pH, and glucose levels in various packed red blood cell formats.
Main Methods:
- Whole blood units were collected in CPD-adenine with varying glucose concentrations (100-200%).
- Units were stored as whole blood, soft packed (50-70% Hct), or hard packed (80-95% Hct) at 4°C for 6 weeks.
- Levels of ATP, 2,3-DPG, pH, and glucose were monitored throughout the storage period.
Main Results:
- ATP levels decreased progressively in hard-packed units starting on day 14.
- Increased glucose concentrations (175-200%) significantly improved ATP maintenance in hard-packed units by day 42.
- ATP values were noticeably better with 175% and 200% glucose at 35 days compared to lower concentrations.
Conclusions:
- A minimum of 175% glucose concentration in CPD-adenine is recommended for hard-packed red blood cells.
- 200% glucose concentration offers an advantage for units stored beyond 35 days, particularly during blood shortages.
Abstract:
In searching for the optimal glucose concentration, this lab has monitored ATP, 2,3-DPG, pH, and glucose levels of samples taken from full blood units stored for 6 weeks at 4 C. The blood was collected into CPD-adenine containing 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 per cent of the glucose present in CPD. The units were stored as whole blood, soft packed (50 to 70% Hct), or hard packed units (80 to 95% Hct). ATP values in general did not decrease very greatly in whole blood units and only moderately in soft packed units. However, in hard packed units a steady progressive decrease in the ATP values was seen to begin at day 14. In these hard-packed units the only improvement with extra glucose was seen beginning at day 14 when ATP maintenance was better with 200 per cent glucose, but the improvement was not significant until day 42. However, at 35 days the ATP values for 200 and 175 per cent glucose were noticeably better than for the other preservatives. Therefore, it appears from this study that the glucose concentration in CPD-adenine for hard-packed cells should be at least 175 per cent of that in regularly formulated CPD. Also, there would appear to be an advantage of having 200 per cent glucose in those units of blood that may be stored beyond 35 days for emergency blood shortage times.