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Tracheal function during influenza infections.

K M Nugent, E L Pesanti

    Infection and Immunity
    |December 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Influenza infections impair the trachea's ability to clear bacteria, leading to increased colonization by harmful bacteria. This suggests influenza contributes to bacterial pneumonia by disrupting airway defenses, not just lung immunity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Viral respiratory infections, like influenza, are known to impair lung bacterial clearance, contributing to pneumonia mortality.
    • The role of upper airway (tracheal) changes in post-influenza bacterial pneumonia is less understood.
    • Aspiration of nasopharyngeal flora is a common pathway for bacterial pneumonia development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how acute influenza infection affects tracheal clearance of bacteria in a murine model.
    • To evaluate spontaneous alterations in tracheal flora composition during influenza infection.
    • To determine if influenza-induced tracheal changes contribute to bacterial pneumonia pathogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Acute influenza infection was induced in mice.

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  • Tracheal clearance of Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using aerosol exposures.
  • Tracheal flora composition and bacterial concentrations were analyzed over time.
  • Morphological changes in tracheal mucosa were examined.
  • The effect of tetracycline therapy on tracheal colonization was evaluated.

    • Main Results:

    • Influenza-infected mice showed significantly delayed clearance of viable Staphylococcus aureus from the trachea.
    • Infected mice exhibited increased spontaneous colonization with gram-negative bacteria and higher bacterial loads in tracheal homogenates.
    • These alterations in tracheal flora and clearance were linked to mucosal regeneration and persisted even after viral clearance.
    • Tetracycline treatment prevented the increased bacterial colonization.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute influenza infection impairs tracheal clearance functions.
    • Influenza alters the normal tracheal flora, promoting colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria.
    • These upper airway changes during influenza infection can contribute to bacterial pneumonia development independently of lung parenchymal clearance capacity.