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Developmental changes in the relationship between type 2 synapses and spiny neurons in the monkey visual cortex.

S L Mates, J S Lund

    The Journal of Comparative Neurology
    |November 20, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Synaptic development in monkey visual cortex shows type 2 synapses on neurons increase then decrease. This decrease may be a redistribution to dendrites, not a loss, during maturation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Biology
    • Visual System Research

    Background:

    • Previous research indicated a rise and fall in type 2 synapses on specific neurons during early visual cortex development.
    • Understanding synaptic plasticity and maturation is crucial for comprehending visual system function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitatively examine the maturation of type 2 synapses on different neuron types in the monkey primary visual cortex.
    • To investigate the developmental trajectory of these synapses from embryonic stages to adulthood.
    • To compare synaptic development in response to normal maturation versus early-life visual experience (binocular eyelid closure).

    Main Methods:

    • Employed quantitative stereological electron microscopy to analyze synaptic populations.

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  • Studied spiny stellate neurons in laminae 4C alpha and 4C beta, and pyramidal neurons in lamina 6.
  • Included comparative analysis of animals reared with binocular eyelid closure from birth.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmed a significant increase followed by a decrease in type 2 somal synapses on both spiny stellate and pyramidal neurons.
    • Observed differential initial accumulation rates of type 2 contacts between lamina 4C alpha and 4C beta neurons.
    • Found that the decrease in somal synapses might be due to redistribution to dendritic processes rather than synaptic loss.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed decrease in type 2 somal synapses during maturation is likely a redistribution to dendritic sites.
    • Developmental timing of synaptic input differs between visual cortical laminae (4C alpha vs. 4C beta).
    • Early-life visual experience (via eyelid closure) may influence synaptic maturation patterns, though this was a secondary comparison.