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Glutathione reductase in evolution.

R N Ondarza, J L Rendón, M Ondarza

    Journal of Molecular Evolution
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Glutathione-reductase is widespread in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, except for some anaerobes and Archaebacteria. Its absence in organisms lacking glutathione confirms glutathione metabolism isn't universal.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Microbiology
    • Evolutionary Biology

    Background:

    • Glutathione-reductase (GR) plays a crucial role in cellular redox homeostasis.
    • Understanding the distribution of GR across different life forms provides insights into metabolic evolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and distribution of glutathione-reductase (GR) and CoASSG-reductase activities in diverse prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
    • To assess the potential of GR as a taxonomic marker and its evolutionary implications.

    Main Methods:

    • Enzyme assays were performed on partially purified extracts from various prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    • Specific activity measurements for GSSG-reductase and CoASSG-reductase were conducted.

    Main Results:

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    • Glutathione-reductase was detected in most eukaryotes and prokaryotes studied, with notable exceptions including strict anaerobes (Clostridium tartarivorum, Desulfovibrio vulgaris) and primitive Archaebacteria (Methanosarcina barkeri, Halobacterium halobium).
    • CoASSG-reductase showed a less defined distribution, appearing only in organisms possessing GSSG-reductase.
    • The absence of GSSG-reductase in organisms lacking glutathione (GSH) highlights that glutathione metabolism is not universally conserved.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of glutathione-reductase is not universal, suggesting it may serve as a useful marker for organism classification.
    • The distribution patterns of GR suggest its emergence is linked to the transition from a reducing to an oxidizing atmosphere on early Earth.