Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Relative fetal hypoxia as a contributing factor to fetal macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy

C M MacFarlane, N Tsakalakos

    Medical Hypotheses
    |July 1, 1983
    PubMed

    Results from Ogata et al (5) have shown that the initial increase in fetal size in the macrosomic neonates of diabetic mothers occurs after approximately 26 weeks gestation, and that a further more dramatic increase occurs at approximately 34 weeks until term. It is proposed that the initial increase is caused by fetal hyperinsulinism (Pedersen Hypothesis), and that the latter increase results from an induced relative fetal hypoxia. It is suggested that the mechanism responsible for the latter increase in fetal size is an increase in the amount of fetal glucose which is metabolised through the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway.

    More Related Videos

    Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound (30/45MHZ) System07:34

    Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound (30/45MHZ) System

    Published on: May 5, 2018

    Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas05:31

    Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

    Published on: January 26, 2024

    Related Concept Videos

    Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

    Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

    Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
    Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

    Pathophysiology of Diabetes

    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
    Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
    Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

    Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

    Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
    Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

    Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

    PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
    Hyperglycemia01:29

    Hyperglycemia

    Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
    Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

    Diabetic Retinopathy

    DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...