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Related Concept Videos

Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
09:38

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Published on: August 27, 2021

Skin maps in vitiligo.

B M Goudie, C Wilkieson, R B Goudie

    Scottish Medical Journal
    |October 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Vitiligo depigmentation patterns may represent undiscovered anatomical skin maps. These distinct vitiligo markings do not align with currently known human skin structures or boundaries.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Human Anatomy
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Vitiligo is a condition causing skin depigmentation.
    • Observed depigmentation patterns in vitiligo are distinctive.
    • These patterns do not clearly correlate with known anatomical landmarks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To illustrate and analyze the unique patterns of depigmentation in vitiligo.
    • To investigate potential correlations between vitiligo patterns and human skin anatomy.
    • To highlight the poorly defined nature of these anatomical subdivisions.

    Main Methods:

    • Illustration of depigmentation patterns in vitiligo patients.
    • Comparative analysis against established anatomical structures.
    • Documentation of distinct but undefined skin subdivisions.

    Main Results:

    • Vitiligo depigmentation forms distinct patterns resembling maps.
    • These patterns suggest obscure local anatomical subdivisions of the skin.
    • No general correspondence was found with known anatomical structures or boundaries.

    Conclusions:

    • Vitiligo patterns may delineate previously unrecognized anatomical divisions of the skin.
    • Further research is needed to define these potential anatomical subdivisions.
    • The findings offer new insights into skin topography and vitiligo presentation.