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Nutritional blindness in Africa.

P G Steinkuller

    Social Science & Medicine (1982)
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nutritional blindness, caused by vitamin A deficiency, affects young children, particularly in arid regions of Africa. Interventions should target severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to its high mortality rate.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Public Health
    • Nutrition Science

    Background:

    • Nutritional blindness results from vitamin A deficiency, with Xerophthalmia encompassing its ocular manifestations.
    • Severe cases lead to irreversible vision loss, primarily impacting children under six years old.
    • Xerophthalmia is often linked to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), significantly increasing mortality risks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the prevalence of nutritional blindness in Africa.
    • To evaluate the relationship between Xerophthalmia and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).
    • To discuss effective intervention strategies for vitamin A deficiency and PEM.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of prevalence data on nutritional blindness and Xerophthalmia in Africa.
    • Analysis of the association between Xerophthalmia and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).
    • Discussion of diagnostic parameters and intervention program merits.

    Main Results:

    • Overall prevalence of nutritional blindness in Africa is low, but localized high-prevalence clusters exist in arid areas.
    • The peak age group affected by nutritional blindness is two-year-olds.
    • PEM associated with corneal xerophthalmia sequelae has a high mortality rate (estimated 50%).

    Conclusions:

    • Intervention programs should prioritize addressing life-threatening PEM over solely focusing on Xerophthalmia.
    • Effective strategies require considering broader nutritional and health issues impacting children.
    • Further research into vitamin A-specific interventions and prevalence detection is warranted.

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