Ocular tumors in Africa

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Oculo-orbital tumors present unique challenges in diagnosis and management, particularly in African populations.
• Previous studies highlight regional variations in tumor prevalence and characteristics.
• Understanding these differences is crucial for effective public health strategies and clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 470 oculo-orbital tumors in Kenya.
• To compare findings with international data from African and Western countries.
• To emphasize key orbital tumors including retinoblastoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 470 oculo-orbital tumor cases.
• Comparison of demographic and geographic data with existing literature.
• Focus on prevalence, age, sex, and geographic distribution of various tumor types.

Main Results:

• Retinoblastoma is highly prevalent in African countries, unlike the rarity of uveal melanoma.
• Squamous cell carcinoma of the lids and conjunctiva is more common than in Caucasian populations.
• Burkitt's lymphoma is the most frequent orbital tumor after retinoblastoma; Kenya has the world's third-highest incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
• Proptosis is the most common presenting sign, indicating late diagnosis in most patients.

Conclusions:

• Significant differences exist in oculo-orbital tumor patterns between Kenya and Western countries.
• Late presentation, evidenced by proptosis, complicates early diagnosis and management.
• Recommendations for improved diagnosis and management are proposed.