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Familial alcoholism: a separate entity?

D W Goodwin

    Substance and Alcohol Actions/Misuse
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Familial alcoholism, potentially genetic, presents earlier and more severely than non-familial types. Research on sons of alcoholics reveals distinct biological and behavioral differences, suggesting a separate diagnostic entity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Genetics
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Alcoholism frequently runs in families, with twin and adoption studies suggesting a genetic component.
    • Research explores differences between alcoholics with and without a family history of the illness.
    • Studies investigate at-risk populations, such as college-age sons of alcoholics, before extensive drinking histories.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To differentiate between familial and non-familial alcoholism.
    • To identify specific characteristics and risk factors associated with familial alcoholism.
    • To explore potential biological and behavioral markers in individuals with a family history of alcoholism.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of alcoholics with positive versus negative family histories.

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  • Longitudinal studies comparing sons of alcoholics with control groups.
  • Assessment of clinical symptoms, behavioral history, brain function (EEG, brain abnormalities), and physiological responses to alcohol (acetaldehyde levels).

    • Main Results:

    • Familial alcoholics exhibit earlier onset and greater symptom severity compared to non-familial alcoholics.
    • Familial alcoholism is linked to childhood hyperactivity, conduct disorder, and adult antisocial behavior.
    • Sons of alcoholics show distinct physiological responses to alcohol, including higher acetaldehyde levels and altered EEG activity, and perform differently on cognitive tests.

    Conclusions:

    • Familial alcoholism appears to be a distinct diagnostic entity.
    • Genetic predisposition and early-life factors likely contribute to the development of familial alcoholism.
    • Identifying familial alcoholism is crucial for understanding its unique etiology and developing targeted interventions.