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Manganese in infant formulas and learning disability.

P J Collipp, S Y Chen, S Maitinsky

    Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Infant formula feeding leads to higher manganese levels in newborns compared to breastfeeding. Elevated hair manganese is observed in learning disabled children, suggesting a potential link.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nutrition
    • Trace Element Metabolism
    • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    Background:

    • Manganese is an essential trace element crucial for various biological processes.
    • Hair analysis is a non-invasive method for assessing long-term exposure to trace elements.
    • Previous research suggests a possible association between manganese levels and learning disabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of infant feeding methods (formula vs. breast milk) on hair manganese concentrations in newborns.
    • To compare hair manganese levels in normal children and children with learning disabilities (hyperactivity).

    Main Methods:

    • Hair samples were collected from newborn infants at birth, 6 weeks, and 4 months.
    • Hair samples were also collected from normal children up to 8 years and children diagnosed with learning disabilities.
    • Manganese concentrations were quantified using appropriate analytical techniques.

    Main Results:

    • Hair manganese levels significantly increased in formula-fed infants from birth to 6 weeks and remained elevated at 4 months.
    • Breast-fed infants showed a minimal increase in hair manganese by 4 months.
    • Hair manganese levels declined in normal children by age 8 but remained higher in learning disabled children.

    Conclusions:

    • Infant formula feeding results in higher hair manganese accumulation in early infancy compared to breastfeeding.
    • Elevated hair manganese concentrations are consistently observed in children with learning disabilities, reinforcing previous findings.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of manganese in neurodevelopment and learning disabilities.

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