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Related Experiment Videos

Variability of postural "reflexes" in humans.

H C Diener, F Bootz, J Dichgans

    Experimental Brain Research
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human posture control involves spinal and supraspinal electromyography (EMG) responses. Voluntary body sway alters these responses, demonstrating adaptable reflex mechanisms for maintaining balance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Human Physiology
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Upright human posture relies on complex sensorimotor control.
    • Spinal and supraspinal electromyography (EMG) responses play a crucial role in postural stability.
    • Understanding reflex mechanisms is key to comprehending balance maintenance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the functional role of spinal and supraspinal EMG responses in maintaining upright posture.
    • To examine how voluntary postural changes influence EMG responses during platform perturbations.
    • To elucidate the adaptive strategies employed by antagonistic muscles during postural adjustments.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten healthy subjects stood on a pitch-rotatable force platform.
    • EMG responses were recorded during platform rotations initiated from neutral, forward-leaning, and backward-leaning postures.
    • Latencies and amplitudes of muscle responses were analyzed in relation to voluntary body sway.

    Main Results:

    • Voluntary postural changes significantly altered the amplitude and temporal organization of EMG responses.
    • Leaning backward and tilting toe-up increased triceps surae response latency and decreased anterior tibial response latency.
    • Reflexive cocontraction of antagonistic muscles was observed, partially counteracting destabilizing reflex actions.

    Conclusions:

    • Segmental and suprasegmental reflex mechanisms exhibit functional variability in response to postural demands.
    • EMG activities that could destabilize posture can be modulated or compensated by reflexive cocontractions.
    • This study highlights the adaptive nature of neuromuscular control in maintaining upright stance.

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