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Stenosis severity effects for unbalanced simple-pulsatile bifurcation flow.

M E Clark, J M Robertson, L C Cheng

    Journal of Biomechanics
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study numerically analyzed pulsatile blood flow through a stenosed artery bifurcation. Severe stenosis significantly increases shear stress at the blockage, impacting flow dynamics.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular fluid dynamics
    • Biomedical engineering
    • Computational hemodynamics

    Background:

    • Arterial stenosis, particularly in the carotid artery, alters blood flow patterns.
    • Understanding flow dynamics at bifurcations with stenosis is crucial for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To numerically investigate the effects of smooth-contoured stenosis severity on pulsatile flow in a symmetrical artery bifurcation.
    • To analyze kinematic and kinetic flow parameters, including shear stress and pressure distributions.

    Main Methods:

    • Finite-difference analysis of a plane simple-pulsatile flow using the vorticity-transport Navier-Stokes equations.
    • A non-orthogonal coordinate transform was employed for calculations on a rectangular grid.

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  • Flow simulations were performed for severe, mild, and no stenosis conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Peak shear stresses occurred at the stenosis zenith during peak flow, with severe stenosis exhibiting twice the shear stress of mild stenosis.
    • Flow patterns and pressure distributions were significantly altered by the presence and severity of the stenosis.
    • Unbalanced flow distribution was observed, with a larger proportion exiting through the lower branch.

    Conclusions:

    • Stenosis severity critically influences hemodynamic parameters, particularly shear stress, at arterial bifurcations.
    • The numerical model provides insights into the complex flow dynamics relevant to stenosed carotid arteries.
    • Findings highlight the importance of considering stenosis characteristics in hemodynamic assessments.