The effects of temperature on blood flow ultrasonic echogenicity in vitro

An explanation of the mechanism of ultrasonic echogenicity in flowing blood is proposed based upon an in vitro study that indicates a causal relation between red cell aggregation and these echoes. Echogenicity was measured in vitro at 37 degrees, 24 degrees, and 0 degree C as blood flow shear rates were varied. Echogenicity increased at higher temperatures and lower shear rates. The directions of changes in blood echogenicity exactly paralleled previously known changes in red cell aggregation resulting from changes in temperature. The authors consider this to be further evidence that red cell aggregation is an important cause of low-intensity echoes observed in clinical ultrasonography of the heart and circulation.