Acute polyarthritis following the use of Corynebacterium parvum vaccine (Coparvax) for malignant pleural effusion

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Oncology
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Malignant pleural effusion is a common complication of various cancers.
• Pleurodesis aims to prevent fluid re-accumulation.
• Corynebacterium parvum vaccine is an immunomodulatory agent used in some oncological treatments.

Observation:

• A 77-year-old male patient underwent pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion.
• The procedure involved fluid aspiration and injection of Corynebacterium parvum vaccine.
• The patient developed fever and neutropenia within 24 hours post-procedure.

Findings:

• Following initial symptoms, the patient developed acute, crippling polyarthritis affecting hands and wrists.
• The joint inflammation was a significant adverse event post-vaccination.
• Symptoms were successfully managed with oral steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Implications:

• This case highlights a potential severe adverse reaction to Corynebacterium parvum vaccine-induced pleurodesis.
• Awareness of this rare complication, acute polyarthritis, is crucial for clinicians.
• Prompt symptomatic treatment can effectively manage this inflammatory response.