Total body vascular capacitance changes during high intracranial pressure in dogs

The active capacitance response to increased intracranial pressure (Pic) was studied in nine chloralose-anesthetized dogs. The vena cavae were cannulated and drained into a reservoir as blood was pumped at a constant flow (Q) into the right atrium. Central blood volume was determined as Q times the mean transit time of dye from the right atrium to the aortic root. Arterial compliance (Ca) was determined from the monoexponential decay of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) during vagal cardiac arrest to compute changes in arterial volume (delta SAP X Ca). Atropine was administered to prevent bradycardia and dangerous, constant cardiac output-induced increases in pulmonary arterial (PAP) and right and left atrial pressures. Blood volume shifts indicative of active venoconstriction, included changes in reservoir, central, and arterial volumes during Pic of 100-200 mmHg. Raised Pic, after atropine, induced a tachycardia, increased systemic and pulmonary resistances, and increased SAP and PAP. Venoconstriction caused marked blood shifts between 125 and 200 mmHg Pic. The extrapolated response threshold was about 112 mmHg. In the most sensitive range, venoconstriction amounted to 3.9 ml X kg-1 per 25-mmHg change in Pic. These results indicate that intense active capacitance vessel constriction is an important part of cardiovascular hemostasis during rapidly increased intracranial pressure.