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Corticosteroid hormonal influence on cranial computerized tomography: observations in the Rhesus monkey.

R J Raskin, D J Schnapf, I Mehlman

    The Journal of Rheumatology
    |December 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Dexamethasone treatment in Rhesus monkeys caused reduced organ weights and signs of cortical atrophy, suggesting corticosteroid hormones can induce these changes, though individual susceptibility varies.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Endocrinology
    • Primate Research

    Background:

    • Corticosteroids are potent hormones with widespread physiological effects.
    • The impact of prolonged corticosteroid exposure on brain structure, particularly in non-human primates, requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of chronic dexamethasone administration on brain morphology and organ weights in Rhesus monkeys.
    • To determine if corticosteroid hormones alone can induce cortical atrophy detectable by CT.

    Main Methods:

    • Postmortem examination and cranial computerized tomography (CT) were performed on Rhesus monkeys treated with dexamethasone and weight-matched controls.
    • Measurements included cortical atrophy (perisulcal atrophy, ventricular dilatation), adrenal, brain, and body weights.

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    Main Results:

    • Fifty percent of both dexamethasone-treated and control monkeys exhibited signs of cortical atrophy.
    • Marked cortical atrophy changes were observed exclusively in the dexamethasone-treated group.
    • Dexamethasone-treated monkeys showed significantly lower adrenal, brain, and body weights compared to controls (p < 0.05).

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic corticosteroid exposure, such as dexamethasone, may induce CT-detectable cortical atrophy.
    • The observed changes suggest that corticosteroid hormones alone can cause cortical atrophy.
    • The inconsistency of these changes highlights the probable role of individual susceptibility to corticosteroid effects.