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Freedom of coccidial oocysts from Newcastle disease virus
Abstract:
Oocysts were recovered from chickens experimentally infected with the Mukteswar strain of Newcastle disease virus and Eimeria acervulina or E tenella. Oocysts sterilised by sodium hypochlorite solution were washed, ruptured and inoculated into embryonating eggs which were examined after five days by the haemagglutination test for virus. All these tests were negative. Virus, initially detected with oocysts separated from faeces, was no longer present after sporulation in 2 per cent potassium bichromate. The B1 strain of virus survived for up to 30 hours in 2 per cent sodium hydroxide and 2 per cent potassium bichromate but was quickly destroyed by sodium hypochlorite (specific gravity 1.075).
Insights
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was inactivated by oocyst sporulation and chemical treatments. Sodium hypochlorite effectively destroyed NDV, while potassium bichromate and sodium hydroxide showed limited virus survival.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Parasitology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Newcastle disease virus (NDV) poses a significant threat to poultry health.
- Oocysts of Eimeria species are common in poultry feces and can potentially contaminate viral samples.
- Understanding the interaction between NDV and Eimeria oocysts is crucial for diagnostic accuracy and disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of Eimeria oocyst processing and sporulation on Newcastle disease virus viability.
- To determine the efficacy of common disinfectants in inactivating NDV in the presence of oocysts.
Main Methods:
- Oocysts from chickens infected with NDV and Eimeria were recovered.
- Oocysts were treated with sodium hypochlorite, washed, ruptured, and inoculated into embryonating eggs.
- Virus presence was assessed using the haemagglutination test.
- Virus survival was tested in potassium bichromate and sodium hydroxide solutions.
Main Results:
- NDV was not detected after oocyst sterilization and rupture, suggesting inactivation.
- Virus was absent after oocyst sporulation in potassium bichromate.
- The B1 strain of NDV survived for up to 30 hours in sodium hydroxide and potassium bichromate.
- Sodium hypochlorite rapidly inactivated NDV.
Conclusions:
- Sterilization and sporulation of Eimeria oocysts can inactivate Newcastle disease virus.
- Sodium hypochlorite is a highly effective disinfectant against NDV.
- Potassium bichromate and sodium hydroxide offer limited protection to NDV under specific conditions.