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Sulbenicillin-induced kaliuresis in man
The Japanese Journal of Physiology
|January 1, 1983
Summary
Massive doses of alpha-sulfobenzyl penicillin (SBPC) antibiotics can cause increased potassium excretion (kaliuresis) in humans. This effect is likely due to SBPC acting as a non-reabsorbable anion in the kidneys.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Antibiotic administration, particularly at high doses, can lead to electrolyte imbalances.
- The specific mechanism of kaliuresis induced by antibiotics like alpha-sulfobenzyl penicillin (SBPC) requires elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mechanism by which high-dose alpha-sulfobenzyl penicillin (SBPC) administration induces kaliuresis.
- To determine if SBPC itself is responsible for the observed increase in urinary potassium excretion.
Main Methods:
- Comparative study involving experimental (n=8) and control (n=5) groups.
- Experimental group received 10 g SBPC infusion; control group received NaCl infusion equivalent to SBPC's NaCl content.
- Urinary electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) and SBPC excretion were measured and analyzed.
Main Results:
- SBPC infusion significantly increased urinary sodium (UNaV) and potassium excretion (UKV) compared to baseline.
- Control group showed increased UNaV but not UKV.
- Urinary anion gap increased significantly after SBPC infusion, correlating with UKV and urinary SBPC levels.
Conclusions:
- The kaliuresis observed with massive SBPC administration is likely caused by the non-reabsorbable anion effect of SBPC.
- SBPC is ionized and poorly reabsorbed in acidic urine, contributing to increased potassium excretion.