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Regional lymph node involvement in tuberculoid leprosy.

D C Apte, M Zawar, M C Mehta

    Leprosy in India
    |October 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Tuberculoid leprosy (BT & TT) lymph node analysis revealed granulomas and paracortical lymphocytes, indicating cell-mediated immunity. Histopathology confirmed tuberculoid leprosy lesions in both skin and lymph nodes.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pathology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease primarily affecting the skin and peripheral nerves.
    • Tuberculoid leprosy represents one end of the leprosy spectrum, characterized by a strong cell-mediated immune response.
    • Understanding lymph node involvement is crucial for assessing immune status and disease progression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the histopathological changes in regional lymph nodes of patients with tuberculoid leprosy (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy.
    • To correlate lymph node findings with the host's immune response and disease classification.

    Main Methods:

    • Histopathological examination of lymph node biopsies from 44 patients with confirmed tuberculoid leprosy (26 TT, 18 BT).
    • Assessment for the presence of granulomas, paracortical lymphocytes, and acid-fast bacilli (AFB).

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  • Comparative histopathological analysis of skin lesions and lymph nodes.

    • Main Results:

    • In polar tuberculoid (TT) leprosy, lymph nodes showed paracortical lymphocytes (76.92%), granulomas (61.52%), and AFB (11.54%).
    • In borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy, lymph nodes revealed granulomas (61.1%), paracortical lymphocyte infiltration (72.22%), and AFB (11.11%).
    • Tuberculoid leprosy lesions were confirmed in both skin and lymph nodes, with abundant paracortical lymphocytes suggesting high cell-mediated immunity.

    Conclusions:

    • Lymph node histopathology provides evidence of tuberculoid leprosy lesions and reflects the host's immune status.
    • The presence of numerous paracortical lymphocytes in lymph nodes is indicative of a strong cell-mediated immune response, characteristic of the tuberculoid end of the leprosy spectrum.