Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes. VII. Dissolution of Pt electrodes during electrical stimulation of the cat...

Procedures are described for determining trace quantities of Pt released into brain tissue directly beneath cortical surface stimulation electrodes. Implanted electrodes (1.1 mm Pt discs) were stimulated for 4.5 h, 9 h and 36 h (4 X 9 h/day) with balanced biphasic pulses (20 micro C/cm2 or 100 micro C/cm2 per phase, 50 Hz), following which tissue 0-2 mm beneath stimulation electrodes and the encapsulating tissue adherent to electrodes was excised and analyzed for Pt. A time-dependent increase in Pt concentration was observed between 4.5 h (4-20 ng Pt/stimulation site) and 9 h (50-339 ng Pt/site) of stimulation at 100 micro C/cm2 with nearly all of the Pt located in the encapsulating tissue associated with the electrodes. Somewhat less Pt was observed in the 36 h samples, and it was almost equally distributed between the encapsulating tissue of the electrodes and the first millimeter depth of underlying brain tissue. Little or no Pt was found at electrode sites receiving 20 micro C/cm2 pulses. Control brain tissue samples as well as samples of blood, CSF and kidney were negative for Pt. The findings indicate that the rate of Pt dissolution gradually decreases during in vivo stimulation, and that dissolved Pt may slowly move away from stimulation sites, possibly by diffusion or fluid exchange.