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Related Experiment Videos

Self-control: refinement of a construct.

D H Shapiro

    Biofeedback and Self-Regulation
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study validated a four-quadrant model of self-control, revealing cultural and sex-role biases in its assessment. Findings suggest tailored self-control strategies for clinical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Self-control is a critical construct in psychology.
    • Previous theoretical work proposed four distinct quadrants of self-control: positive assertive (active control), positive yielding (letting-go control), negative assertive (over-control), and negative yielding (too little control).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To empirically test the discreteness of the four proposed self-control quadrants.
    • To explore the semantic structure and personal characteristics associated with self-control.
    • To identify potential cultural and sex-role biases in self-control assessment.

    Main Methods:

    • A factor analysis was employed to validate the four-quadrant model.
    • 706 individuals, primarily from health professions across nine US cities, participated.

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  • Participants responded to prompt words designed to assess each self-control quadrant.

    • Main Results:

    • Factor analysis provided partial concurrent validation for the four-quadrant model.
    • Results illuminated the semantic structure of self-control and associated personal characteristics.
    • Significant cultural bias was observed, with high self-control predominantly linked to Quadrant 1 (positive assertive).
    • Sex-role bias was evident: low self-control in men correlated with Quadrant 3 (negative assertive), and in women with Quadrant 4 (negative yielding).

    Conclusions:

    • The four-quadrant model of self-control shows empirical support, though with noted biases.
    • Findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive and gender-aware self-control assessment.
    • Clinical implications include developing an inventory to match self-control strategies to individual needs and problems.