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Belief discrepancy reasoning in the elderly.

R D Enright, P Roberts, D K Lapsley

    International Journal of Aging & Human Development
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Elderly individuals showed weaker belief discrepancy reasoning and higher dogmatism than college students. However, they displayed open-mindedness, not intolerance, towards differing beliefs.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Cognitive Science
    • Social Psychology

    Background:

    • Belief discrepancy reasoning (BDR) explores how individuals process and evaluate disagreements.
    • Understanding age-related differences in BDR is crucial for cognitive and social psychology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate age-related differences in belief discrepancy reasoning.
    • To examine the relationship between age, dogmatism, IQ, and belief discrepancy reasoning.
    • To explore whether elderly individuals exhibit intolerance or open-mindedness towards differing beliefs.

    Main Methods:

    • Forty-four college and elderly participants were assessed.
    • Measures included belief discrepancy reasoning, dogmatism, and IQ.
    • Educational background was controlled for.

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    Main Results:

    • Elderly respondents scored significantly lower on belief discrepancy reasoning compared to college students.
    • The elderly sample exhibited higher levels of dogmatism than the college sample.
    • Despite lower BDR scores, the elderly demonstrated relativism and open-mindedness, not intolerance, towards disagreement.
    • The elderly sample had a statistically higher IQ than the college sample.

    Conclusions:

    • Age differences in belief discrepancy reasoning and dogmatism exist.
    • Elderly individuals may approach disagreements with greater relativism and open-mindedness than previously assumed.
    • Findings have implications for understanding senescent intolerance and validating the construct of belief discrepancy reasoning.