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Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: a first reported case in Thailand
The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
|December 1, 1983
Summary
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare, fatal brain infection caused by Naegleria. This report details the first Thai case in a 5-year-old boy who swam in a pond.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Parasitology
Background:
- Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but devastating infection of the central nervous system.
- Naegleria is a free-living amoeba found in warm freshwater environments.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient survival.
Observation:
- A 5-year-old boy from Sisaket, Thailand, presented with symptoms of headache, fever, vomiting, and drowsiness.
- The patient had a history of swimming in a pond prior to illness onset.
- Clinical examination revealed meningeal irritation, convulsions, and coma.
Findings:
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed signs consistent with pyogenic meningitis.
- Numerous amoebae, identified as Naegleria sp., were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid.
- Microscopic examination confirmed the presence of Naegleria in the CSF.
Implications:
- This case highlights the first reported instance of PAM caused by Naegleria in Thailand.
- The findings underscore the importance of considering Naegleria infection in patients with similar clinical presentations and exposure history.
- Delayed treatment initiation was associated with a fatal outcome, emphasizing the need for rapid medical intervention.