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Restrained eating: measuring an elusive construct.

W G Johnson, L Lake, J M Mahan

    Addictive Behaviors
    |January 1, 1983
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    Herman's Restraint Scale effectively predicts food consumption in college students. However, this study found limited usefulness for the scale in adult populations due to psychometric variability and social desirability influences.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Behavioral Science
    • Nutrition Science

    Background:

    • Herman's Restraint Scale (1978) is used to measure restrained eating and predict food consumption in laboratory settings.
    • Previous research indicates the scale reliably predicts food intake in college students, irrespective of weight.
    • The scale's generalizability and psychometric properties across diverse adult populations remain unestablished.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the generality and psychometric properties of Herman's Restraint Scale in a broader adult sample.
    • To assess the scale's performance across different weight classifications (obese vs. normal) and dieting statuses (dieting vs. non-dieting).
    • To examine the scale's reliability, item correlations, factor structure, and relationship with social desirability in adults.

    Main Methods:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • A cross-sectional study involving 136 adult participants (male and female).
    • Participants were categorized as obese or normal weight, and as dieting or non-dieting.
    • A single questionnaire administered randomized items from the Restraint Scale, Lie Scale, and Social Desirability Scale.

    Main Results:

    • Significant differences in Restraint Scale scores were observed across adult groups: Obese dieters > Obese non-dieters > Normal weight individuals.
    • Alpha reliability coefficients and corrected item-total correlations varied significantly across groups, indicating inconsistent psychometric properties.
    • Factor analysis revealed three factors within the ten-item scale, and for obese dieters, the scale was not independent of social desirability.

    Conclusions:

    • The Restraint Scale demonstrates limited usefulness and questionable psychometric properties when applied to diverse adult populations outside of controlled laboratory settings with college students.
    • Findings suggest that weight status and dieting behavior influence scale responses in adults.
    • The scale's association with social desirability in obese dieters further questions its validity in non-student adult samples.