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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

Addictions paradigms III: From theory-research to practice and back.

H Shaffer, B Gambino

    Advances in Alcohol & Substance Abuse
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Addiction practitioners should develop their own practice theories using systematic observation and hypothesis testing. This bridges the gap between theory and practice for better evidence-based interventions.

    Area of Science:

    • Addiction treatment
    • Clinical psychology
    • Social sciences

    Background:

    • A significant gap exists between addiction theorists and practitioners.
    • Practitioners lack practice-grounded theories and theory-guided practice.
    • This disconnect stems from the current knowledge system's structure and characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the theory-practice gap in addiction treatment.
    • To empower practitioners to develop their own theories of practice.
    • To enhance the systematic feedback loop in addiction interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Encouraging practitioners to explicate their practice systems.
    • Utilizing systematic observation for data collection.
    • Employing hypothesis testing and evaluative research.

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    A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

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    Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

    A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
    07:51

    A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

    Published on: June 18, 2018

    A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
    06:11

    A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

    Published on: February 20, 2019

    A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
    08:05

    A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

    Published on: March 23, 2022

    Main Results:

    • Practitioners can generate practice-grounded theories.
    • Systematic feedback can be integrated into practice.
    • The development of prescriptive theories of practice is feasible.

    Conclusions:

    • Addiction practitioners should leverage their own resources to build practice theories.
    • Systematic methods are crucial for developing effective, evidence-based addiction treatments.
    • Bridging the theory-practice gap enhances intervention quality and outcomes.