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Serum complement pattern in essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia.

A Tarantino, A Anelli, A Costantino

    Clinical and Experimental Immunology
    |April 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Serum complement component (SCC) levels in essential cryoglobulinaemia patients showed a unique pattern, with low early components and high late components. These abnormalities suggest complement hyposynthesis, potentially due to reduced C2 production.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Clinical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Essential cryoglobulinaemia is a condition characterized by abnormal proteins in the blood.
    • The complement system is a crucial part of the immune system involved in pathogen clearance and inflammation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the serum complement component (SCC) profile in patients with essential cryoglobulinaemia.
    • To explore potential correlations between SCC levels and clinical manifestations.

    Main Methods:

    • Quantification of 188 serum complement component determinations across 26 patients.
    • Analysis of 156 follow-up serum samples from 24 patients over 6-40 months.
    • Performed 33 crossed immunoelectrophoreses on 13 patient blood samples.

    Main Results:

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    • Observed a distinct SCC pattern: low levels of early components (Clq, Cls, C4), normal C3, elevated late components (C5, C9), and reduced CH50 values.
    • No correlation found between early SCC levels and C3 concentrations.
    • Follow-up revealed heterogeneous SCC behavior without a link to clinical scores.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed SCC abnormalities in essential cryoglobulinaemia suggest complement hyposynthesis.
    • Potential causes include reduced C2 production or a negative feedback loop from active complement fragments.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms driving these complement alterations.