Pathophysiology of gravidity.

Area of Science:

• Reproductive immunology
• Developmental biology
• Veterinary virology

Background:

• Embryonal and fetal growth are regulated by complex genetic and hormonal processes.
• Viral infections can lead to significant disorders of fetal life, including resorption, mummification, abortion, and malformations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the impact of viral infections on embryonal and fetal development.
• To examine the pathogenesis of viral-induced developmental disturbances, particularly in the central nervous system and skin.
• To compare the effects of various viruses, including Mucosal Disease virus, Blue Tongue virus, IBR-virus, Aujeszky's Disease virus, Hog Cholera virus, and Parvovirus.

Main Methods:

• Review and discussion of existing knowledge on viral pathogenesis and developmental biology.
• Comparative analysis of different viral infections and their effects on fetal development.
• Detailed examination of the pathogenesis of central nervous system and skin development disturbances.

Main Results:

• Mucosal Disease virus infection can cause intrauterine developmental disorders, malformations, neurological symptoms, and fetal death.
• IBR-virus and Aujeszky's Disease virus can lead to fetal death through anoxia or necrosis.
• Hog Cholera virus can result in cerebellar hypoplasia, dysmyelogenesis, and immunological tolerance in offspring.
• Parvovirus infection causes SMEDI syndrome (stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility).

Conclusions:

• The outcome of viral infections during pregnancy is highly dependent on the timing of infection, the stage of immunologic competence, and viral characteristics.
• Specific viruses have distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis, leading to a range of developmental abnormalities and reproductive losses.
• Viral infections pose significant threats to fetal development and can result in substantial economic losses in livestock.