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Embryopathic effects of cyclophosphamide.

S H Gilani, M Chatzinoff

    Environmental Research
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cyclophosphamide is toxic and causes birth defects in chick embryos during early development. The highest teratogenic effects were observed when treatment occurred on day 3 of incubation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental toxicology
    • Embryology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Cyclophosphamide is a widely used chemotherapy agent.
    • Its effects on early embryonic development require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the toxicity and teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in chick embryos.
    • To determine the dose-dependent effects and timing of exposure during organogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • White Leghorn chick eggs were injected with varying doses of cyclophosphamide (0.005–0.017 mg/egg) on incubation days 0, 1, 2, or 3.
    • Control groups received saline injections.
    • Embryos were examined at 11 days of incubation for survival, abnormalities, and LD50 values.

    Main Results:

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    • Cyclophosphamide exhibited dose-dependent toxicity and teratogenicity.
    • LD50 values varied by day of exposure: 0.017 mg (Day 1), 0.007 mg (Day 2), and 0.012 mg (Day 3).
    • Abnormalities included reduced size, visceral eversion, limb and neck defects, and eye and beak malformations, with highest incidence (22%) on Day 3.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyclophosphamide is toxic and teratogenic in early chick embryo development.
    • Exposure during organogenesis, particularly on Day 3, significantly increases the risk of severe birth defects.