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Thyroid function in early breast cancer.

B S Thomas, R D Bulbrook, M J Russell

    European Journal of Cancer & Clinical Oncology
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroid function, measured by free thyroxine index (TFI), was lower in early breast cancer patients and linked to tumor grade. Lower TFI and androsterone ratios correlated with faster recurrence rates.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones play crucial roles in cellular metabolism and differentiation.
    • Alterations in thyroid function have been observed in various cancers, but their specific role in breast cancer progression remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between thyroid function (serum free thyroxine index - TFI) and early breast cancer.
    • To explore the correlation between TFI, tumor differentiation, and patient outcomes, including recurrence rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum free thyroxine index (TFI) was measured in 238 women with early breast cancer and 107 controls.
    • Urinary androsterone:aetiocholanolone (5 alpha:5 beta) ratio was also analyzed.
    • Correlation with pathological stage, histological grade, and recurrence rates was assessed.

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    Main Results:

    • Mean TFI was significantly lower in breast cancer patients compared to controls.
    • TFI correlated with histological grade, being highest in well-differentiated (grade I) and lowest in anaplastic (grade III) tumors.
    • Lower TFI and 5 alpha:5 beta ratios were associated with faster recurrence rates.
    • TFI decreased post-mastectomy, remaining below pre-operative levels at 12 months.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormones may be implicated in breast tumor cell differentiation.
    • Lower thyroid function and specific urinary steroid ratios are potential indicators of more aggressive disease and higher recurrence risk.
    • Thyroid function is notably affected by mastectomy.