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Plasma volume changes during submaximal swimming.

R G McMurray

    European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Swimming exercise suppresses hemodynamic and renal responses compared to resting immersion. Plasma volume shifts during exercise are similar in water and on land, influenced by body position and mass ratio.

    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Sports Science
    • Cardiovascular Physiology

    Background:

    • Understanding physiological responses to aquatic exercise is crucial for athletes and coaches.
    • Previous research has explored fluid shifts during exercise, but direct comparisons between swimming and land-based activities are limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the hemodynamic and diuretic responses to resting immersion, swimming, and land bicycle ergometry.
    • To investigate plasma volume changes and urine output during different exercise modalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Six swimmers underwent 35-minute trials of resting immersion, free swimming, and cycling at 70% maximal oxygen uptake.
    • Venous blood was sampled to analyze hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total plasma protein.
    • Urine output was measured throughout each trial.

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    Main Results:

    • Resting immersion caused mild hemodilution (+2.5%), while swimming (-15.9%) and cycling (-17.0%) led to significant plasma volume decreases.
    • Urine output was highest during immersion (3.1 ml/min) compared to swimming (1.0 ml/min) and cycling (0.4 ml/min).
    • Total plasma protein increased less during cycling than swimming, and remained unchanged during immersion.

    Conclusions:

    • Hemodynamic and renal responses are attenuated during swimming compared to resting immersion.
    • Plasma volume shifts during exercise are comparable between aquatic and terrestrial environments.
    • Plasma loss during exercise appears independent of muscle mass, influenced by body position and active-to-total mass ratio.