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Cytoplasmic contractile elements in glomerular cells.

P M Andrews, A K Coffey

    Federation Proceedings
    |November 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Glomerular podocytes and mesangial cells contain contractile elements. These may regulate glomerular filtration rate and blood flow by altering cell shape and filtration slit function.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Cell Biology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Glomerular epithelial podocytes possess actin-like filaments, particularly in foot processes.
    • Contractile elements are also evidenced within glomerular mesangial cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the presence and potential roles of cytoplasmic contractile elements in podocytes and mesangium.
    • To explore how these contractile elements might influence glomerular function.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized antibody labeling and nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin to confirm actin concentration in podocyte foot processes.
    • Reviewed studies involving cytochalasins to assess the effects of actin contraction/relaxation.
    • Examined in vitro studies suggesting contractile properties of mesangial cells.

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    Main Results:

    • Podocyte foot process contraction flattens them, reducing filtration slits; relaxation widens them, increasing open slits.
    • Podocyte contractile elements may regulate glomerular filtration rate by altering foot process shape.
    • Mesangial cell contraction may cause intra-glomerular blood shunting or reduce glomerular size.

    Conclusions:

    • Glomerular podocytes have the capacity to modulate filtration slits and thus solute efflux.
    • Mesangial cell contractile properties could influence glomerular hemodynamics and overall size.