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Calcium homeostasis in newborns is crucial, influenced by key hormones. Neonatal hypocalcemia, a common disorder, presents in early or late forms, with the latter potentially linked to temporary parathyroid issues.
Area of Science:
- Perinatal medicine
- Endocrinology
- Neonatal physiology
Context:
- Calcium homeostasis is vital during the perinatal period.
- It is regulated by parathyroid hormone, Calcitonin, and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol.
- Neonatal hypocalcemia is a prevalent disorder.
Purpose:
- To review the hormonal regulation of calcium balance in newborns.
- To discuss the pathophysiology and types of neonatal hypocalcemia.
Summary:
- Calcium balance in the perinatal period is influenced by three key hormones: parathyroid hormone, Calcitonin, and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol.
- Neonatal hypocalcemia is the most common disorder, categorized into early-onset (frequent, especially in premature infants) and late-onset (rare, possibly due to transient hypoparathyroidism).
Impact:
- Highlights the importance of hormonal regulation for neonatal calcium balance.
- Provides insight into the common disorder of neonatal hypocalcemia and its subtypes.
Abstract:
The Calcium homeostasis in the perinatal period depends on the changes of the Calcium balance and on the influence of the three Calcium-regulating hormones parathyroid hormone, Calcitonin and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol. The most common disorder is neonatal hypocalcemia which occurs either as early type (frequent, mainly in prematures) or as late type (rare, probably due to transient hypoparathyroidism).