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Simulation of calcium homeostasis: modeling and parameter estimation.

S Hurwitz, S Fishman, A Bar

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |November 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study models avian plasma calcium regulation using differential equations and computer simulation. The model reveals asymmetric responses in bone and kidney, with the intestine showing a slower reaction time to calcium changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Comparative physiology
    • Endocrinology
    • Mathematical modeling

    Background:

    • Plasma calcium homeostasis is crucial for avian physiology.
    • Regulation involves bone, kidney, intestine, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
    • Quantitative models are needed to understand complex regulatory systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a computer simulation model of avian plasma calcium regulation.
    • To investigate the hierarchy of control subsystems and hormones involved in calcium homeostasis.
    • To analyze the dynamic responses of regulatory systems to calcium perturbations.

    Main Methods:

    • Formalized a regulatory system model using differential equations.
    • Computed model parameters from published data and specific experiments.

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  • Developed an iterative procedure to minimize errors between observed and simulated values.
  • Experimentally determined 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol metabolism parameters.
  • Adjusted and validated model parameters using in vivo calcium loading and EDTA infusion experiments.

    • Main Results:

    • The simulation model successfully replicated avian plasma calcium regulation.
    • Identified an asymmetry in the activity of bone and kidney in response to calcium errors.
    • Demonstrated a relatively long response time for the intestinal subsystem.
    • Revealed differences in subsystem and hormone activity hierarchies based on calcium intake.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model provides a quantitative framework for understanding avian calcium homeostasis.
    • Bone and kidney exhibit rapid, asymmetric responses, while the intestine responds more slowly.
    • Hormonal and subsystem activities are dynamically adjusted based on calcium levels and intake.