Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

7.0K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
7.0K
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

30
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
30
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

28
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
28
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

23
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
23
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

26
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
26
Goiter01:27

Goiter

32
Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
32

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnosis of thyroid nodules by fine needle biopsy: use and abuse.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·1994
Same author

Relationship among prognostic laboratory indices in breast cancers.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute·1992
Same author

Gatekeeping.

The New England journal of medicine·1992
Same author

A prospective comparison of terbutaline and magnesium for tocolysis.

Obstetrics and gynecology·1992
Same author

Two centuries of medical organization and licensure in Maryland.

Maryland medical journal (Baltimore, Md. : 1985)·1992
Same author

The influence of loud sound on red blood cell velocity and blood vessel diameter in the cochlea.

Hearing research·1992

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

24.0K

Lymphoma of the thyroid.

J I Hamburger, J M Miller, S R Kini

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |November 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Early diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma is crucial for better outcomes. Fine-needle biopsy can suggest lymphoma, potentially avoiding surgery or chemotherapy in many thyroid cancer patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Endocrinology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Thyroid lymphoma is a rare malignancy.
    • Diagnosis can be challenging, often mimicking benign thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
    • Early detection is key to improving patient prognosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle biopsy for thyroid lymphoma.
    • To identify clinical and imaging features associated with thyroid lymphoma.
    • To determine the potential for non-surgical management of thyroid lymphoma.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 30 patients diagnosed with thyroid lymphoma.
    • Analysis of preoperative diagnostic methods, including fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and large-needle biopsy.

    More Related Videos

    Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
    05:12

    Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

    Published on: May 12, 2023

    5.8K
    "Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
    07:45

    "Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

    Published on: November 28, 2025

    284

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 5, 2026

    An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
    07:01

    An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

    Published on: April 17, 2013

    24.0K
    Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
    05:12

    Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

    Published on: May 12, 2023

    5.8K
    "Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
    07:45

    "Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

    Published on: November 28, 2025

    284
  • Correlation of imaging findings (nodule characteristics, uptake patterns) with biopsy results and final diagnosis.

    • Main Results:

    • A preoperative diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma was achieved in 24 out of 30 patients.
    • Fine-needle biopsy suggested lymphoma in 17 of 28 patients, with large-needle biopsy being more accurate (21 of 23).
    • Coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis was present in 24 patients; imaging often showed "cold" nodules or patchy uptake.

    Conclusions:

    • Fine-needle biopsy is valuable in diagnosing thyroid lymphoma, with large-needle biopsy showing higher sensitivity.
    • Characteristic imaging findings and clinical presentation can raise suspicion for thyroid lymphoma.
    • Early diagnosis through biopsy may allow for avoidance of surgery or chemotherapy, improving outcomes.