Prevention and management of postoperative lateral upper-lid retraction in Graves' disease

Patients with Graves' disease often have eyelid retraction, the upper lid being more commonly affected, and its lateral aspect being more retracted than its medial aspect. This paper describes the surgical treatment of upper-lid retraction, including methods of preventing residual postoperative lateral retraction and medial ptosis. Techniques of dealing with these postoperative problems are also described.