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Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
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Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Published on: April 2, 2018

Excess free energy approach to the estimation of solubility in mixed solvent systems II: Ethanol-water mixtures

N A Williams, G L Amidon

    Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed

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    Enthalpy of Solution02:39

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    Entropy and Solvation02:05

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    The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
    Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

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    The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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    Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

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    The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place, the Gibbs energy change must be...