Pain syndromes associated with cancer. Achieving effective relief

Pain occurs frequently in patients with cancer and, if uncontrolled, may lead to depression, deep anxiety, insomnia, and progressive mental and physical deterioration. Pain can be effectively relieved in the majority of cases by balanced use of pharmacologic agents and other treatment modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. A thorough evaluation of the patient's complaints and an accurate diagnosis of the causes and mechanism of pain are mandatory for the formulation of an effective and individualized treatment plan. Continuing emotional support is essential to the relief of suffering in patient and family.