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Acute viral hepatitis: morphologic and functional correlations in human livers.

T Uchida, I Kronborg, R L Peters

Human Pathology

|March 1, 1984

Summary

Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) shows liver cell damage in zone 3 and potential regeneration in zone 1. Enzyme and ultrastructural studies suggest zone 1 hepatocytes are immature, supporting regeneration in AVH.

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Area of Science:

Hepatology
Cell Biology
Pathology

Background:

Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) typically presents with histological changes in specific liver zones.
Perivenular (zone 3) hepatocytes show abnormalities, while periportal (zone 1) hepatocytes exhibit changes suggesting regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural findings support the concept of zone 1 hepatocyte regeneration in AVH.
To correlate histological patterns with cellular and biochemical changes in hepatocytes during AVH.

Main Methods:

Enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy were performed on liver biopsies from 12 AVH patients.
Assessed activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
Examined ultrastructural features of endoplasmic reticulum and organelles in hepatocytes from different zones.

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Main Results:

Perivenular hepatocytes exhibited hydropic changes, reduced glucose-6-phosphatase, and altered mitochondrial enzyme activity, indicating functional deterioration.
Periportal hepatocytes were small, clustered, and showed less developed organelles with weak enzyme activities, suggesting functional immaturity.
Increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was noted in perivenular areas, while scanty in periportal zones.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest functional deterioration of zone 3 hepatocytes and relative functional immaturity of zone 1 hepatocytes in AVH.
The observed characteristics of zone 1 hepatocytes support the hypothesis of their regeneration during acute viral hepatitis.