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Related Experiment Videos

Activation of human complement by the pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin.

J C Paton, B Rowan-Kelly, A Ferrante

    Infection and Immunity
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pneumolysin toxin activates the classical complement pathway, a key part of the immune system. This activation reduces the blood

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Pneumolysin is a toxin produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    • The complement system is a crucial component of innate immunity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanism by which pneumolysin interacts with the human complement system.
    • To determine if pneumolysin activates the classical complement pathway.
    • To assess the impact of pneumolysin on the opsonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

    Main Methods:

    • Purified pneumolysin was added to human serum at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml.
    • Complement activation was measured by C3 conversion.
    • Experiments were conducted using chelated sera (Mg2+ and EGTA) and C2-deficient sera to elucidate the activation pathway.
    • Opsonic activity of treated serum for Streptococcus pneumoniae was assessed.

    Main Results:

    • Pneumolysin significantly activated complement, indicated by C3 conversion.
    • Complement activation was inhibited in the presence of Mg2+ and EGTA, suggesting dependence on early classical pathway components.
    • Slight complement activation was observed in C2-deficient sera, further supporting classical pathway involvement.
    • Treatment of normal human serum with pneumolysin significantly reduced its ability to opsonize Streptococcus pneumoniae.

    Conclusions:

    • Pneumolysin activates the classical complement pathway.
    • This activation by pneumolysin impairs the opsonophagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, potentially contributing to pneumococcal pathogenesis.

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